Forms of Decentralization:

a. Deconcentration

It is considered to be the weakest form of decetralisation and used in unitary states. It

is simply the transfer of power and functions from the central organization to their respective field level agencies which morally work for the central government and do not enjoy the autonomy. The decentralization in the deconcentration form is the decision making discretionary and the lattitute to the plans of the center. The transfer of authority includes the transfer of authority for specific decision making, financial and management functions by the same jurisdictional authority of the central government. It doesnot suffer from the organizational discontinuity.

b. Delegation

It refers to the transfer of government decision making and administrative authority or responsibility for completing specified tasks to institutions or organisations that are either under government indirect control or semi independent. It leads to the formation of semi-autonomous body. In other words, it is a process of transferring authority or power to one or more persons who act on behalf of others. It is usually done according to the set of certain rules/legal contract.

c. Devolution

It refers to the creating, strengthening and transferring power and functions to the autonomous lower level such as local units that are legally constituted as separate governance bodies. It provides opportunities for the effective participation in the local level decision making process. It helps to promote democracy at the grass root levels so that the local representation might gather experience to be able tomorrow for the natural level progamming. Through devolution, central government distributes certain functions or creates new units of government that are outside of its control. In the devolution, local bodies are elected locally.

d. Privatization

It is the process of transferring ownership of a business, enterprise, agency, public service or property from the public sector to the private sector or private non-profit organization. It is to get the job done through the private organizations. It includes:

a. allowing private enterprises to perform functions that had been previously monopolized by government

b. contracting out the provision or management of public services to commercial

c. financing public sector through capital market and allowing private organization to participate

d. transferring responsibilities for providing services from the public to the private sector

Benefits:

a. development would be faster

b. innovative solutions

c. effective and time bound solutions

d. cost cutting

e. efficient delivery of many goods or services