Social Inclusion and Social Exclusion:

Social Inclusion:

It is defined as the process of improving the terms of participation in society particularly for people who are disadvantaged through enhancing opportunities, access

to resources, voice and respect for human rights. World Group defines the Social Inclusion as:

1. process of improving the terms for individuals and groups to take part in the society

2. process of improving the ability, opportunity and dignity of those disadvantaged on the basis of their identity to take part in society

Values that underpin Social Inclusion:

1. Everyone is ready

2. Everyone can learn

3. Everyone needs support

4. Everyone can communicate

5. Everyone can contribute

6. Together we are better

Tools for Social Inclusion:

1)     Participation with control

2)     Empowerment and capacity development

3)     Proportional representation

4)     Reservation, special protection and subsidies

5)     Legal protection

6)     Awareness program

7)     Investment in Human Development and poverty alleviation

8)     Empower to weaker

9)     Opportunity to excluded

10) Support to disadvantaged

Importance of Social Inclusion:

a.     Every people feel valued.

b.     Differences are respected.

c.      Brings social justice.

d.     Management of conflict.

e.     Popular participation in governance system.

f.       Institutionalization of democracy.

g.     Natural unity and integrity.

Social Exclusion:

It is a multidimensional concept which refers to the deprivation in the economic, social and political sphere. It is the process in which individuals are blocked or denied to various rights, opportunities and resources that are normally available to the every members of the society. It is a form of discrimination.

Three features of Social Exclusion:

1. It involves culturally defined social categories with socio-cultural stereotypes.

2. It is embedded in social relations.

3. It affects people's rights and entitlements.

Symptoms of Social Exclusion:

1. Unequal access to resources.

2. Unequal participation

3. Denial of opportunities

Forms of Social Exclusion:

1. Political Exclusion:

It includes the denial of citizenship rights, political rights, basic rights, civil liberties and equal opportunities.

2. Economic Exclusion

It includes lack of access of labor markets, credit and the other forms of capital assets.

3. Social Exclusion

It includes the gender, ethnicity and age exclusion.

4. Cultural Exclusion:

It refers to the extent to which diverse values, norms and ways of living are accepted and respected.