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Decentralization: It is the establishment of local
bodies outside the regular bureaucratic structure. It is the transfer of
authority and responsibility for public functions from the central government
to subordinate or quasi-independent local bodies or private sector. It refers
to the restructuring of authority so that there is a system of
co-responsibility between the institutions of governance at the central,
regional and local levels.
Development: According to MP
tomato, development is process of improving the quality of all human lives with
three equally important aspects:
A)
Raising people's living levels i.e.
income and consumption, level of foods, medical services, education through
relevant growth process.
B)
Creating conditions conductive to the growth
of peoples self esteem through the establishment of social, political and
economic systems and institutions which promote human dignity and respect.
C)
Increasing peoples freedom to choose by
enlarging the range of their choice variables eg; varieties of goods and
services.
Democratic
Governance: It is running the government
according to the principles of democracy i.e. increasing participation of
people, listening the opinions of people on public policy. Democratic
governance runs on the principle of: of the people,by the people, from the
people and for the people
Relationship between
Decentralization, Democratic Governance and Development:
As above mentioned in the
definition, decentralization transfers the authority from the center to the
people. This transfer of authority enables the people to develop development
according to their needs, increase their participation, making people freedom
to choose their leaders and policy. These all are the aspirations of
development and democratic governance. The above mentioned definition of
development according to Todaro clearly shows the principle of decentralization
and democratic governance. The main point of Todaros definition are:
A)
Raising people's living levels i.e.
income and consumption, level of foods, medical services, education through
relevant growth process.
The rise mentioned in this definition can only be
achieved through decentralization since if the authority over resources and
finance comes on the hand of the people.
B)
Creating conditions conductive to the growth
of peoples self esteem through the establishment of social, political and
economic systems and institutions which promote human dignity and respect.
The conditions described in the above point can only
be achieved when there is democratic governance and decentralization. When
there is democratic governance, people can express their opinions and views
which help to build their self-esteem and the required social, political and
economic systems and institutions is only possible when the decentralization is
effectively implemented.
C)
Increasing peoples freedom to choose by
enlarging the range of their choice variables eg; varieties of goods and
services.
Freedom to choose and Freedom to express can only be
achieved through the democratic governance. Country which is ruled under the
autocracy can never achieve and never allow the freedom to the people.
The main requirement
of democratic governance is decentralization. Democratic Governance is only
possible through the decentralization. Democratic governance runs according to
the principle and proposal of decentralization where people can choose their
leaders and where the authority resides on the hands of the people. In the
absence of decentralization, the existence of democratic governance is only
myth. In the unitary states, the democratic governance is almost impossible since
people are not allowed to choose their leaders.
Development is not
only about the economic growth but rather a freedom to express opinions. When
there is not that freedom, the democratic governance has not any authenticity.
Conclusion: Hence,
decentralization, democratic governance and decentralization are the three
sides of the triangle and these can’t exist without others.
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